Twentieth This seems to contradict Nagarjuna’s statement that all phenomena are dependent-arisings, but Döl-bo-ba explains that it does not, first by showing that the ultimate is necessarily not impermanent and deceptive and then by indicating that Nāgārjuna’s reference is to all conventional phenomena, the noumenon. The mutuality of dependent-arising and

Nineteenth Two Truths Self-emptiness is not the ultimate truth, which is of a different order of being. Döl-bo-ba describes self-emptiness as meaning that phenomena that cannot withstand analysis and are subject to disintegration are empty of their own nature. All conventionalities are self-empty, or self-emptinesses-the two terms being used interchangeably-and

 Eighteenth Those aggregates, constituents, and so forth-primordially devoid of obstruction, un differentiable, of equal taste, endowed with all noumenal aspects-are other than, supreme to, and transcendent over external and internal conventional aggregates, constituents, and so forth. other-emptiness means empty of the conventional, which themselves are empty of their own entities.

Seventh  “Forms and so forth. Why? Because of being the phenomena of apprehended-object and apprehending-subject.” This clears away the assertion by some that the meaning of being pure is to be empty of its respective entity because although all phenomena of apprehended-object and apprehending-subject, which have a nature of the

Jeffrey Hopkins (1940 – July 1, 2024) was an American Tibetologist. He was Emeritus professor of Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at the University of Virginia, where he taught for more than three decades beginning in 1973. He authored more than twenty-five books about Tibetan Buddhism, among them the highly influential

Sixteenth  Whatsoever say that the non-self-empty are self-empty are just of interpretable meaning with a thought behind them, as indicated above. By differentiating self-emptiness and other-emptiness one can realise that the scriptures are free of self-contradiction. There are numerous faults if self-emptiness were the only ultimate. For instance, since ultimate